ケリー・マクゴニガルの英語❶｜ストレスは友達！TEDスピーチを徹底解説

I have a confession to make. But first, I want you to make a little confession to me. In the past year, I want you to just raise your hand if you’ve experienced relatively little stress. Anyone? How about a moderate amount of stress? Who has experienced a lot of stress? Yeah. Me too.

confession /kənféʃən/ (名) 告白
in the past year： 過去1年以内に
moderate /mɑ́dərət/ (形) ほどほどの

But that is not my confession. My confession is this: I am a health psychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier. But I fear that something I’ve been teaching for the last 10 years is doing more harm than good, and it has to do with stress. For years I’ve been telling people, stress makes you sick. It increases the risk of everything from the common cold to cardiovascular disease. Basically, I’ve turned stress into the enemy. But I have changed my mind about stress, and today, I want to change yours.

psychologist /saikɑ́lədʒist/ (名) 心理学者、精神分析医 ⇨ “health psychologist”「健康心理学者」。
I fear that 〜： 〜ではないかと心配している
something I’ve been teaching for the last 10 years： ここまでが “that” 節内の主語。“something” の後に、関係代名詞 “that” が省略されている。「私が過去10年間に教えてきたこと」の意。
do harm： 損害を与える
do good： 良いことをする ⇨ “do more harm than good”「良いことをするというよりも損害を与える」のニュアンス。
have to do with 〜： ～と関係がある
cardiovascular /kɑ̀ːrdiouvǽskjulər/ (形) 心臓血管の ⇨ “cardiovascular disease”「心疾患」。
the risk of everything (that is) from the common cold to cardiovascular disease： カッコ内の関係代名詞をbe動詞が省略されており、先行詞 “everything” を後ろから説明している。「通常の風邪から心疾患までの “everything”」の意。

Let me start with the study that made me rethink my whole approach to stress. This study tracked 30,000 adults in the United States for eight years, and they started by asking people, “How much stress have you experienced in the last year?” They also asked, “Do you believe that stress is harmful for your health?” And then they used public death records to find out who died.

Let me start with 〜： ～の話から始めさせてください
rethink /riθíŋk/ (動) 考え直す
track /trǽk/ (動) 追跡する
they： ここでは “track” した人たち（“study”した人たち）を示す。
harmful /hɑ́ːrmfl/ (形) 有害な
public death records： 公式死亡記録

Okay. Some bad news first. People who experienced a lot of stress in the previous year had a 43 percent increased risk of dying. But that was only true for the people who also believed that stress is harmful for your health. People who experienced a lot of stress but did not view stress as harmful were no more likely to die. In fact, they had the lowest risk of dying of anyone in the study, including people who had relatively little stress.

People who experienced a lot of stress in the previous year： ここまでが主語。“who” は関係代名詞で、先行詞 “people” を後ろから説明している。「前年に多くのストレスを経験した “people”」の意。
had a 43 percent increased risk of dying： 「43%増加した死のリスクを持った」つまり「死亡するリスクが43%増加した」のニュアンス。
But that was only true for 〜： “that” は前文全て。「それは〜とってのみに言えることだった」のニュアンス。
People who experienced a lot of stress but did not view stress as harmful： ここまでが主語。「多くのストレスを経験したが、ストレスを有害だと見ていない “people”」の意。
no more likely to 〜： 〜する可能性は高くはない ⇨ “more likely to～” 「～する可能性が高い」
the lowest risk of dying of anyone： “of anyone” は、最上級の後で「誰よりも〜」。ここでは「誰よりも死亡リスクが低い」のニュアンス。
including people who had relatively little stress： “anyone” の説明。「ほとんどストレスを受けなかった人々を含んだ “anyone”」のニュアンス。

Now the researchers estimated that over the eight years they were tracking deaths, 182,000 Americans died prematurely, not from stress, but from the belief that stress is bad for you. That is over 20,000 deaths a year. Now, if that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is bad for you the 15th largest cause of death in the United States last year, killing more people than skin cancer, HIV/AIDS and homicide.

now： さて（話を切り出すときに用いられる。）
estimated that (over the eight years they were tracking deaths,) 182,000 Americans 〜： “estimate” したのは “that” 以下の “182,000 American” 以下。「182,000人のアメリカ人が〜したと “estimate” した。」の意。カッコ内は副詞句。
prematurely /prìːmətúər/ (副) 時期を早めて
the belief that 〜： “that” は同格で「〜という “belief”」。
that (estimate) would make believing (that) stress is bad for you the 15th largest cause of death： カッコ内が省略されている。ここの文型は “make + O + O” で「〜を… にする」の意。最初の “O” は “believing (that) stress is bad for you” で、2つ目の “O” は “the 15th largest cause of death”。つまり「“that” は、ストレスは体に悪いものと信じることを15番目に多い死因にする。」つまり「その推測によると、ストレスが体に悪いと信じることは、15番目に多い死因です。」のニュアンス。
killing more people than skin cancer： 分詞構文で、“killing” の主語は “believing (that) stress is bad for you”。元の文は “believing (that) stress is bad for you kills more people than skin cancer”
homicide /hɑ́məsàid/ (名) 殺人

You can see why this study freaked me out. Here I’ve been spending so much energy telling people stress is bad for your health. So this study got me wondering: Can changing how you think about stress make you healthier? And here the science says yes. When you change your mind about stress, you can change your body’s response to stress.

see /síː/ (動) ここでは「理解する」のニュアンス。
freak /fríːk/ (動) 動揺させる ⇨ “freak (人) out” 「(人) を怖がらせる」
wonder /wʌ́ndər/ (動) 疑問に思う
got me wondering： “get” + (人) + “〜ing” で「(人) を 〜させる」のニュアンス。
changing how you think about stress： ここまでが主語。“how” は先行詞を含む関係副詞で「〜する方法」の意。全体では「ストレスについての考え方を変えること」のニュアンス。“you” は一般的な人を表し、訳す必要はない。

Now to explain how this works, I want you all to pretend that you are participants in a study designed to stress you out. It’s called the social stress test. You come into the laboratory, and you’re told you have to give a five-minute impromptu speech on your personal weaknesses to a panel of expert evaluators sitting right in front of you, and to make sure you feel the pressure, there are bright lights and a camera in your face, kind of like this. And the evaluators have been trained to give you discouraging, non-verbal feedback, like this.

this： 前文全てを指す。
stress /strés/ (動) ～にストレスを加える ⇨ “stress (人) out” 「(人) にストレスを感じさせる」
impromptu /imprɑ́mptuː/ (形) 即興の
panel /pǽnl/ (名) 識者、パネリスト
evaluator /ivǽljuèitər/ (名) 評価する人
kind of like this： “this” は、今彼女がTEDのスピーカーで話していることを示す。
discouraging /diskə́ːridʒiŋ/ (形) 落胆させる
non-verbal /nɑ́n-və́ːrbəl/ (形) 非言語的な
like this： 映像では、スピーカーが “discouraging, non-verbal feedback” のポーズをとっている。

つづきは「ケリー・マクゴニガルの英語②｜ストレスは友達！TEDスピーチを徹底解説」で楽しんで頂きたい。